Add recording program

That’s where the pipeline is created and, they need to match

Cargo.lock

@@ -100,6 +100,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "libloading",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-channel"
+version = "2.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "89b47800b0be77592da0afd425cc03468052844aff33b84e33cc696f64e77b6a"
+dependencies = [
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atomic-waker"
 version = "1.1.2"
@@ -401,6 +413,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "event-listener"
+version = "5.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6032be9bd27023a771701cc49f9f053c751055f71efb2e0ae5c15809093675ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "parking",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "event-listener-strategy"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3c3e4e0dd3673c1139bf041f3008816d9cf2946bbfac2945c09e523b8d7b05b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fdeflate"
 version = "0.3.7"
@@ -453,6 +486,12 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "aa9a19cbb55df58761df49b23516a86d432839add4af60fc256da840f66ed35b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-core"
+version = "0.3.31"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "05f29059c0c2090612e8d742178b0580d2dc940c837851ad723096f87af6663e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "gethostname"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -595,12 +634,23 @@ checksum = "cd6f44aed642f18953a158afeb30206f4d50da59fbc66ecb53c66488de73563b"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "byteorder-lite",
+ "image-webp",
  "num-traits",
  "png",
  "zune-core",
  "zune-jpeg",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "image-webp"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e031e8e3d94711a9ccb5d6ea357439ef3dcbed361798bd4071dc4d9793fbe22f"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder-lite",
+ "quick-error",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.7.0"
@@ -1106,6 +1156,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "ttf-parser",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parking"
+version = "2.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f38d5652c16fde515bb1ecef450ab0f6a219d619a7274976324d5e377f7dceba"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.12.3"
@@ -1246,6 +1302,12 @@ version = "1.0.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "afbdc74edc00b6f6a218ca6a5364d6226a259d4b8ea1af4a0ea063f27e179f4d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-error"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a993555f31e5a609f617c12db6250dedcac1b0a85076912c436e6fc9b2c8e6a3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quick-xml"
 version = "0.36.2"
@@ -1329,6 +1391,7 @@ checksum = "20675572f6f24e9e76ef639bc5552774ed45f1c30e2951e1e99c59888861c539"
 name = "raytracing3"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
  "bytemuck",
  "glam",
  "image",

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,10 +4,20 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 default-run = "minitracer"
 
+[profile.dev]
+panic = 'abort'
+
+[profile.dev.package."*"]
+opt-level = 3
+
+[profile.test.package."*"]
+opt-level = 3
+
 [dependencies]
+async-channel = "2.3.1"
 bytemuck = { version = "1.21.0", features = ["derive"] }
 glam = { version = "0.29.2", features = ["bytemuck"] }
-image = { version = "0.25.5", default-features = false, features = ["png", "jpeg"] }
+image = { version = "0.25.5", default-features = false, features = ["png", "jpeg", "webp"] }
 pollster = "0.4.0"
 rand = "0.8.5"
 rand_distr = { version = "0.4.3", features = ["std_math"] }

src/anim.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use glam::{vec3, Vec3};
 use rand_distr::{Bernoulli, Distribution, Uniform};
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct SphereParams {
 	pub radius: f32,
 	pub alpha: f32,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn distr<R: rand::Rng>() -> impl Fn(&mut R) -> SphereParams {
 	move |rgen| SphereParams {
 		origin: pos.sample3(rgen),
 		radius: 2.0f32.powf(rad.sample(rgen)),
-		alpha: if emit.sample(rgen) { 10.0 } else { 0.0 },
+		alpha: if emit.sample(rgen) { 100.0 } else { 0.0 },
 		glossiness: gloss.sample(rgen),
 		amplitudes: ampl.sample3(rgen),
 		frequencies: freq.sample3(rgen),

src/bin/envmap/main.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ fn main() {
 				let img =
 					image::RgbaImage::from_raw(extent, extent, buf.slice(..).get_mapped_range().to_vec()).unwrap();
 				let img: image::RgbImage = img.convert();
-				img.save(format!("textures/env{face}.jpeg")).unwrap();
+				img.save(format!("textures/env{face}.webp")).unwrap();
 			});
 		}
 	})

src/bin/minitracer/main.rs

@@ -1,45 +1,14 @@
 use std::error::Error;
 
-use glam::{mat3, uvec2, vec3, Vec3};
+use glam::uvec2;
-use image::ImageReader;
+use raytracing3::present::{self, Presenter};
-use present::Presenter;
+use raytracing3::scene::{load_envmap, Renderer, SceneParams};
-use trace::{Tracer, TracerData, TracerEnv};
 use winit::{
 	event::{Event, WindowEvent},
 	event_loop::EventLoop,
 	window::{Window, WindowAttributes},
 };
 
-mod anim;
-mod present;
-mod trace;
-
-pub use trace::Sphere;
-
-struct CamLoc {
-	eye: Vec3,
-	forward: Vec3,
-	right: Vec3,
-}
-
-fn make_viewport(w: u32, h: u32) -> trace::Viewport {
-	let size = uvec2(w, h).as_vec2();
-	let size = size.normalize();
-	trace::Viewport {
-		corner: vec3(size.x, size.y, 1.),
-	}
-}
-
-fn convert_location(cam: CamLoc) -> trace::CameraLocation {
-	let fwd = cam.forward.normalize();
-	let up = cam.right.cross(fwd).normalize();
-	let right = up.cross(fwd).normalize();
-	trace::CameraLocation {
-		eye: cam.eye,
-		view: mat3(right, up, fwd),
-	}
-}
-
 const N_SPHERES: u32 = 100;
 const RAYS_PER_PIXEL: u32 = 4;
 
@@ -57,27 +26,8 @@ fn main() {
 
 	let output_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb;
 	let hdr_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba16Float;
-	let tracer = Tracer::new(&device, hdr_format);
+	let scene = SceneParams::new(N_SPHERES);
-	let mut rng = rand_pcg::Pcg32::new(42, 0);
+	let renderer = Renderer::new(&device, envmap);
-	let sphere_params: Vec<_> = {
-		let distr = anim::distr();
-		(0..N_SPHERES).map(|_| distr(&mut rng)).collect()
-	};
-	let camera_params = {
-		let mut p = anim::distr()(&mut rng);
-		p.amplitudes *= 2.0;
-		p.frequencies *= 0.1;
-		p
-	};
-	let target_params = {
-		let mut p = anim::distr()(&mut rng);
-		p.origin = Vec3::splat(0.0);
-		p.amplitudes *= 0.5;
-		p.frequencies *= 0.1;
-		p
-	};
-	let tracer_env = TracerEnv::new(&device, &tracer, &envmap);
-
 	let presenter = Presenter::new(&device, output_format);
 
 	let mut frame = 0;
@@ -126,76 +76,29 @@ fn main() {
 					let hdr = hdr.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
 					let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });
 					{
-						let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+						let mut render_pass = renderer.prepare(&mut encoder, &hdr);
-							label: None,
-							color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-								view: &hdr,
-								resolve_target: None,
-								ops: wgpu::Operations {
-									load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
-									store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-								},
-							})],
-							depth_stencil_attachment: None,
-							occlusion_query_set: None,
-							timestamp_writes: None,
-						});
 						for _ in 0..RAYS_PER_PIXEL {
 							frame += 1;
 							let time = frame as f32 / (60. * RAYS_PER_PIXEL as f32);
-							let target = sphere_params[0].to_sphere(time - 0.2).center;
+							renderer.render_frame(
-							let eye = camera_params.to_sphere(time).center;
+								&device,
-							let right = camera_params.deriv(time);
-							let forward = target - eye;
-							let viewport = make_viewport(size.width, size.height);
-							let location = convert_location(CamLoc { eye, forward, right });
-							let spheres: Vec<_> = sphere_params.iter().map(|p| p.to_sphere(time)).collect();
-							let data = TracerData::new(&device, &tracer, &spheres);
-							tracer.render(
 								&mut render_pass,
-								&data,
+								uvec2(size.width, size.height),
-								&tracer_env,
+								&scene,
-								trace::Params {
+								time,
-									max_reflections: 3,
+								frame,
-									min_strength: 0.1,
-									sphere_count: N_SPHERES,
-									seed: frame,
-								},
-								viewport,
-								trace::Aperture {
-									radius: 0.001,
-									focal_distance: forward.length(),
-									glare_strength: 0.1,
-									glare_radius: 0.1,
-								},
-								location,
 							);
 						}
 					}
-					{
-						let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-							label: None,
-							color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-								view: &view,
-								resolve_target: None,
-								ops: wgpu::Operations {
-									load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
-									store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-								},
-							})],
-							depth_stencil_attachment: None,
-							occlusion_query_set: None,
-							timestamp_writes: None,
-						});
 					presenter.render(
 						&device,
-							&mut render_pass,
+						&mut encoder,
 						&hdr,
+						&view,
 						present::Params {
 							divisor: RAYS_PER_PIXEL as f32,
 						},
 					);
-					}
 					queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
 					output.present();
 				}
@@ -237,75 +140,3 @@ async fn init_gpu(wnd: &Window) -> Result<(wgpu::Device, wgpu::Queue, wgpu::Surf
 		.unwrap();
 	Ok((device, queue, surface))
 }
-
-fn load_envmap(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue) -> wgpu::TextureView {
-	let imgs = std::thread::scope(|s| {
-		[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-			.map(|face| {
-				s.spawn(move || {
-					let img = ImageReader::open(format!("textures/env{face}.jpeg"))
-						.unwrap()
-						.with_guessed_format()
-						.unwrap()
-						.decode()
-						.unwrap();
-					img.to_rgba8()
-				})
-			})
-			.map(|t| t.join().unwrap())
-	});
-	let size = imgs[0].width();
-	for img in &imgs {
-		assert!(img.width() == size);
-		assert!(img.height() == size);
-	}
-	let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-		label: None,
-		size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-			width: size,
-			height: size,
-			depth_or_array_layers: 6,
-		},
-		mip_level_count: 1,
-		sample_count: 1,
-		dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-		format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
-		usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
-		view_formats: &[],
-	});
-	for (face, img) in imgs.iter().enumerate() {
-		queue.write_texture(
-			wgpu::ImageCopyTexture {
-				texture: &texture,
-				mip_level: 0,
-				origin: wgpu::Origin3d {
-					x: 0,
-					y: 0,
-					z: face as u32,
-				},
-				aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
-			},
-			img.as_raw(),
-			wgpu::ImageDataLayout {
-				offset: 0,
-				bytes_per_row: Some(4 * size),
-				rows_per_image: Some(size),
-			},
-			wgpu::Extent3d {
-				width: size,
-				height: size,
-				depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-			},
-		);
-	}
-	texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
-		label: None,
-		format: None,
-		dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::Cube),
-		aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
-		base_mip_level: 0,
-		mip_level_count: None,
-		base_array_layer: 0,
-		array_layer_count: None,
-	})
-}

src/bin/rec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+use std::env::args;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use glam::{uvec2, UVec2};
+use image::buffer::ConvertBuffer;
+use raytracing3::present::{self, Presenter};
+use raytracing3::scene::{load_envmap, Renderer, SceneParams};
+
+const SIZE: UVec2 = uvec2(1920, 1080);
+const FRAME_RATE: u32 = 60;
+const DURATION_SECONDS: u32 = 120;
+const N_FRAMES: u32 = DURATION_SECONDS * FRAME_RATE;
+const N_SPHERES: u32 = 100;
+const RAYS_PER_PIXEL: u32 = 1024;
+
+fn main() {
+	let args: Vec<_> = args().collect();
+	let [_, path] = args.as_slice() else {
+		panic!("invalid arguments");
+	};
+	let path: PathBuf = path.into();
+	fs::create_dir(&path).expect("failed to create the output directory");
+
+	std::thread::scope(|s| {
+		let (img_sender, img_receiver) = async_channel::bounded::<(u32, Arc<wgpu::Buffer>)>(50);
+		for _ in 0..16 {
+			let img_receiver = img_receiver.clone();
+			let path = &path;
+			s.spawn(move || {
+				while let Ok((frame, buffer)) = img_receiver.recv_blocking() {
+					let img = image::RgbaImage::from_raw(SIZE.x, SIZE.y, buffer.slice(..).get_mapped_range().to_vec())
+						.expect("read failure!");
+					let img: image::RgbImage = img.convert();
+					img.save(path.join(&format!("frame{frame:06}.webp")))
+						.expect("save failure!");
+				}
+			});
+		}
+		do_work(img_sender);
+	});
+}
+
+fn do_work(img_sender: async_channel::Sender<(u32, Arc<wgpu::Buffer>)>) {
+	let img_sender = Arc::new(img_sender);
+
+	let (device, queue) = pollster::block_on(init_gpu()).unwrap();
+	let envmap = load_envmap(&device, &queue);
+	queue.submit([]);
+
+	let texsize = wgpu::Extent3d {
+		width: SIZE.x,
+		height: SIZE.y,
+		depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+	};
+
+	let output_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb;
+	let hdr_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba16Float;
+
+	let scene = SceneParams::new(N_SPHERES);
+	let renderer = Renderer::new(&device, envmap);
+	let presenter = Presenter::new(&device, output_format);
+
+	for frame in 0..N_FRAMES {
+		let output = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+			label: None,
+			size: texsize,
+			mip_level_count: 1,
+			sample_count: 1,
+			dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+			format: output_format,
+			usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_SRC,
+			view_formats: &[],
+		});
+		let view = output.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+		let hdr = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+			label: None,
+			size: texsize,
+			mip_level_count: 1,
+			sample_count: 1,
+			dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+			format: hdr_format,
+			usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
+			view_formats: &[],
+		});
+		let hdr = hdr.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+		let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor { label: None });
+		{
+			let mut render_pass = renderer.prepare(&mut encoder, &hdr);
+			for subframe in 0..RAYS_PER_PIXEL {
+				let subframe = frame * RAYS_PER_PIXEL + subframe;
+				let time = subframe as f32 / (RAYS_PER_PIXEL * FRAME_RATE) as f32;
+				renderer.render_frame(&device, &mut render_pass, SIZE, &scene, time, subframe);
+			}
+		}
+		presenter.render(
+			&device,
+			&mut encoder,
+			&hdr,
+			&view,
+			present::Params {
+				divisor: RAYS_PER_PIXEL as f32,
+			},
+		);
+		let buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+			label: None,
+			size: (4 * SIZE.x * SIZE.y) as u64,
+			usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::BufferUsages::MAP_READ,
+			mapped_at_creation: false,
+		});
+		encoder.copy_texture_to_buffer(
+			wgpu::ImageCopyTexture {
+				texture: &output,
+				mip_level: 0,
+				origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+				aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+			},
+			wgpu::ImageCopyBuffer {
+				buffer: &buffer,
+				layout: wgpu::ImageDataLayout {
+					offset: 0,
+					bytes_per_row: Some(4 * SIZE.x),
+					rows_per_image: Some(SIZE.y),
+				},
+			},
+			texsize,
+		);
+		queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
+		let buffer = Arc::new(buffer);
+		let img_sender = Arc::clone(&img_sender);
+		Arc::clone(&buffer)
+			.slice(..)
+			.map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Read, move |res| {
+				res.unwrap();
+				img_sender.send_blocking((frame, buffer)).unwrap();
+			});
+	}
+	device.poll(wgpu::Maintain::Wait);
+}
+
+async fn init_gpu() -> Result<(wgpu::Device, wgpu::Queue), Box<dyn Error>> {
+	let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
+		backends: wgpu::Backends::PRIMARY,
+		..Default::default()
+	});
+	let adapter = instance
+		.request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+			power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::default(),
+			compatible_surface: None,
+			force_fallback_adapter: false,
+		})
+		.await
+		.unwrap();
+	let (device, queue) = adapter
+		.request_device(
+			&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+				label: None,
+				required_features: wgpu::Features::PUSH_CONSTANTS,
+				required_limits: wgpu::Limits {
+					max_push_constant_size: 128,
+					..Default::default()
+				},
+				memory_hints: Default::default(),
+			},
+			None,
+		)
+		.await
+		.unwrap();
+	Ok((device, queue))
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +1,6 @@
+pub mod anim;
 pub mod perlin;
+pub mod present;
+pub mod scene;
+pub mod trace;
+pub use trace::Sphere;

src/present.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl Presenter {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn render(
+	fn render_internal(
 		&self,
 		device: &wgpu::Device,
 		pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass,
@@ -121,4 +121,29 @@ impl Presenter {
 		pass.set_bind_group(0, &bindings, &[]);
 		pass.draw(0..4, 0..1);
 	}
+
+	pub fn render(
+		&self,
+		device: &wgpu::Device,
+		encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+		source: &wgpu::TextureView,
+		target: &wgpu::TextureView,
+		params: Params,
+	) {
+		let mut render_pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+			label: None,
+			color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+				view: target,
+				resolve_target: None,
+				ops: wgpu::Operations {
+					load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
+					store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+				},
+			})],
+			depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+			occlusion_query_set: None,
+			timestamp_writes: None,
+		});
+		self.render_internal(device, &mut render_pass, source, params);
+	}
 }

src/scene.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+use crate::anim::{self, SphereParams};
+use crate::trace::{self, Tracer, TracerData, TracerEnv};
+use glam::{mat3, uvec2, vec3, UVec2, Vec3};
+use image::ImageReader;
+use std::f32::consts::PI;
+
+struct CamLoc {
+	eye: Vec3,
+	forward: Vec3,
+	right: Vec3,
+}
+
+fn make_viewport(w: u32, h: u32) -> trace::Viewport {
+	let size = uvec2(w, h).as_vec2();
+	let size = size.normalize();
+	trace::Viewport {
+		corner: vec3(size.x, size.y, 1.),
+	}
+}
+
+fn convert_location(cam: CamLoc) -> trace::CameraLocation {
+	let fwd = cam.forward.normalize();
+	let up = cam.right.cross(fwd).normalize();
+	let right = up.cross(fwd).normalize();
+	trace::CameraLocation {
+		eye: cam.eye,
+		view: mat3(right, up, fwd),
+	}
+}
+
+const N_SPHERES: u32 = 100;
+const CAMERA_LAG: f32 = 0.03;
+
+pub struct Renderer {
+	tracer: Tracer,
+	env: TracerEnv,
+}
+
+impl Renderer {
+	pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, env: wgpu::TextureView) -> Self {
+		let hdr_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba16Float;
+		let tracer = Tracer::new(&device, hdr_format);
+		let env = TracerEnv::new(&device, &tracer, &env);
+		Self { tracer, env }
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct SceneParams {
+	pub spheres: Vec<SphereParams>,
+	pub camera: SphereParams,
+	pub target: SphereParams,
+}
+
+impl SceneParams {
+	pub fn new(n_spheres: u32) -> Self {
+		let mut rng = rand_pcg::Pcg32::new(42, 0);
+		let spheres: Vec<_> = {
+			let distr = anim::distr();
+			(0..n_spheres).map(|_| distr(&mut rng)).collect()
+		};
+		let camera = {
+			let mut p = anim::distr()(&mut rng);
+			p.amplitudes *= 2.0;
+			p.frequencies *= 0.1;
+			p
+		};
+		let target = {
+			let mut p = spheres[0];
+			p.phases -= 2. * PI * CAMERA_LAG * p.frequencies;
+			p
+		};
+		Self {
+			spheres,
+			camera,
+			target,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Default for SceneParams {
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		Self::new(N_SPHERES)
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct RenderPass<'encoder>(wgpu::RenderPass<'encoder>);
+
+impl Renderer {
+	pub fn prepare<'encoder>(
+		&self,
+		encoder: &'encoder mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+		target: &wgpu::TextureView,
+	) -> RenderPass<'encoder> {
+		RenderPass(self.tracer.prepare(encoder, target))
+	}
+
+	pub fn render_frame(
+		&self,
+		device: &wgpu::Device,
+		render_pass: &mut RenderPass,
+		size: UVec2,
+		scene: &SceneParams,
+		time: f32,
+		seed: u32,
+	) {
+		let target = scene.target.to_sphere(time).center;
+		let eye = scene.camera.to_sphere(time).center;
+		let right = scene.camera.deriv(time);
+		let forward = target - eye;
+		let viewport = make_viewport(size.x, size.y);
+		let location = convert_location(CamLoc { eye, forward, right });
+		let spheres: Vec<_> = scene.spheres.iter().map(|p| p.to_sphere(time)).collect();
+		let data = TracerData::new(&device, &self.tracer, &spheres);
+		self.tracer.render(
+			&mut render_pass.0,
+			&data,
+			&self.env,
+			trace::Params {
+				max_reflections: 3,
+				min_strength: 0.1,
+				sphere_count: N_SPHERES,
+				seed,
+			},
+			viewport,
+			trace::Aperture {
+				radius: 0.001,
+				focal_distance: forward.length(),
+				glare_strength: 0.1,
+				glare_radius: 0.1,
+			},
+			location,
+		);
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn load_envmap(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue) -> wgpu::TextureView {
+	let imgs = std::thread::scope(|s| {
+		[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+			.map(|face| {
+				s.spawn(move || {
+					let img = ImageReader::open(format!("textures/env{face}.webp"))
+						.unwrap()
+						.with_guessed_format()
+						.unwrap()
+						.decode()
+						.unwrap();
+					img.to_rgba8()
+				})
+			})
+			.map(|t| t.join().unwrap())
+	});
+	let size = imgs[0].width();
+	for img in &imgs {
+		assert!(img.width() == size);
+		assert!(img.height() == size);
+	}
+	let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+		label: None,
+		size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+			width: size,
+			height: size,
+			depth_or_array_layers: 6,
+		},
+		mip_level_count: 1,
+		sample_count: 1,
+		dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+		format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
+		usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
+		view_formats: &[],
+	});
+	for (face, img) in imgs.iter().enumerate() {
+		queue.write_texture(
+			wgpu::ImageCopyTexture {
+				texture: &texture,
+				mip_level: 0,
+				origin: wgpu::Origin3d {
+					x: 0,
+					y: 0,
+					z: face as u32,
+				},
+				aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+			},
+			img.as_raw(),
+			wgpu::ImageDataLayout {
+				offset: 0,
+				bytes_per_row: Some(4 * size),
+				rows_per_image: Some(size),
+			},
+			wgpu::Extent3d {
+				width: size,
+				height: size,
+				depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+			},
+		);
+	}
+	texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+		label: None,
+		format: None,
+		dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::Cube),
+		aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+		base_mip_level: 0,
+		mip_level_count: None,
+		base_array_layer: 0,
+		array_layer_count: None,
+	})
+}

src/trace.rs

@@ -233,6 +233,27 @@ impl Tracer {
 		Self { view_buf, pipeline }
 	}
 
+	pub fn prepare<'encoder>(
+		&self,
+		encoder: &'encoder mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+		target: &wgpu::TextureView,
+	) -> wgpu::RenderPass<'encoder> {
+		encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+			label: None,
+			color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+				view: &target,
+				resolve_target: None,
+				ops: wgpu::Operations {
+					load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
+					store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+				},
+			})],
+			depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+			occlusion_query_set: None,
+			timestamp_writes: None,
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn render(
 		&self,
 		pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass,